Why and How a Licensed Practical Nurse Differs From a Registered Nurse?
Jake Flannigan, NP
August 20, 2025
Introduction
Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) and Registered Nurses (RNs) share the common goal of providing quality patient care, but their roles, responsibilities, and education levels differ. LPNs typically complete a practical nursing program in about a year and focus on basic patient care such as monitoring vital signs, administering medications, and assisting with daily activities. They often work under the supervision of RNs or physicians and play an important role in supporting patients’ day-to-day needs.
RNs, on the other hand, complete more extensive education—either an associate or bachelor’s degree in nursing—which allows them to take on greater responsibility. They provide more complex care, create and manage patient care plans, administer advanced treatments, and supervise LPNs and nursing assistants. RNs also have more opportunities for specialization and career advancement, along with higher earning potential. This broader scope of practice makes RNs essential leaders in patient care teams.
Education and Curriculum
The educational path for LPNs is shorter, usually taking about 12–18 months to complete through a practical nursing program. Their curriculum focuses on fundamental nursing skills, such as patient comfort, basic medication administration, and monitoring vital signs. RNs, however, must complete a two-year associate degree or a four-year bachelor’s degree in nursing. Their coursework is more advanced, covering anatomy, pharmacology, leadership, and critical thinking, along with clinical training in specialized areas of healthcare. This broader academic foundation allows RNs to take on more complex responsibilities.
Licensing and Scope of Practice
Both LPNs and RNs must pass national exams to practice—LPNs take the NCLEX-PN, while RNs sit for the NCLEX-RN. Licensing determines their scope of practice. LPNs typically provide bedside care under the supervision of RNs or physicians, while RNs have greater autonomy, including creating care plans, performing complex procedures, and supervising other nursing staff. This distinction makes RNs the primary decision-makers in most clinical settings.
Workplace and Duties
LPNs and RNs often work side by side in hospitals, nursing homes, and clinics, but their roles differ. LPNs focus on direct patient support, assisting with daily activities, administering certain medications, and reporting changes in condition. RNs handle a wider range of duties, such as conducting assessments, developing treatment plans, performing advanced interventions, and coordinating care between providers. They also oversee LPNs and certified nursing assistants, serving as leaders within the care team.
Earning Potential and Job Outlook
The difference in education and responsibility is reflected in salary and career growth. On average, RNs earn significantly more than LPNs, with median annual wages often nearly double. RNs also have more opportunities for specialization and advancement into leadership roles. However, both careers are in demand. The need for LPNs is expected to remain steady, especially in long-term care facilities, while demand for RNs continues to grow faster due to the increasing complexity of patient needs and the expanding role of nurses in healthcare delivery.
| Role | Median Annual Salary (USD) | Salary Range / Notes |
|---|---|---|
| LPN (Licensed Practical Nurse) | $59,730 | Range typically from ~$45,670 (10th percentile) to $77,870 (90th percentile) |
| RN (Registered Nurse) | $86,070 | Median from 2023; RNs often earn significantly more than LPNs |